General anaesthesia and premedication (adjunct)

Induction — adults and children >10 y: usually 0.3 mg/kg (0.2–0.6) over 30–60 s

Adult premedication — 50–100 mcg IM 30–60 min before surgery

Adjunct to general anaesthesia — low 2, moderate 2–20, high 20–50 mcg/kg

Children 2–12 y — induction and maintenance 2–3 mcg/kg

Pre-anaesthetic medication (reduce secretions, block vagal reflexes) — 0.004 mg/kg IM 30–60 min before induction

Pre-anaesthetic — infants 1 month–2 y: 0.004–0.009 mg/kg IM

Reversal of neuromuscular blockade — 0.2 mg per 1 mg neostigmine (or 5 mg pyridostigmine), IV together

IV induction — 1–4.5 mg/kg slowly over 60 s

IM induction — 6.5–13 mg/kg

Induction — healthy adult <65 y: 2–2.5 mg/kg titrated to onset

Induction — elderly, debilitated or ASA III/IV: 1–1.5 mg/kg

Induction — healthy child 3–16 y: 2.5–3.5 mg/kg

Maintenance — healthy adult: 100–200 mcg/kg/min